Sentinel Node in Oral Cancer: The Nuclear Medicine Aspects. A Survey from the Sentinel European Node Trial.

PURPOSE: Nuclear imaging plays a crucial role in lymphatic mapping of oral cancer. This evaluation represents a subanalysis of the original multicenter SENT trial data set, involving 434 patients with T1-T2, N0, and M0 oral squamous cell carcinoma. The impact of acquisition techniques, tracer injection timing relative to surgery, and causes of false-negative rate were assessed. METHODS: Three to 24 hours before surgery, all patients received a dose of Tc-nanocolloid (10-175 MBq), followed by lymphoscintigraphy. According to institutional protocols, all patients underwent preoperative dynamic/static scan and/or SPECT/CT. RESULTS: Lymphoscintigraphy identified 723 lymphatic basins. 1398 sentinel lymph nodes (SNs) were biopsied (3.2 SN per patient; range, 1-10). Dynamic scan allowed the differentiation of sentinel nodes from second tier lymph nodes. SPECT/CT allowed more accurate anatomical localization and estimated SN depth more efficiently. After pathological examination, 9.9% of the SN excised (138 of 1398 SNs) showed metastases. The first neck level (NL) containing SN+ was NL I in 28.6%, NL IIa in 44.8%, NL IIb in 2.8%, NL III in 17.1%, and NL IV in 6.7% of positive patients. Approximately 96% of positive SNs were localized in the first and second lymphatic basin visualized using lymphoscintigraphy. After neck dissection, the SN+ was the only lymph node containing metastasis in approximately 80% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Best results were observed using a dynamic scan in combination with SPECT/CT. A shorter interval between tracer injection, imaging, and surgery resulted in a lower false-negative rate. At least 2 NLs have to be harvested, as this may increase the detection of lymphatic metastases.

Sentinel European Node Trial (SENT): 3-year results of sentinel node biopsy in oral cancer.

PURPOSE: Optimum management of the N0 neck is unresolved in oral cancer. Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) can reliably detect microscopic lymph node metastasis. The object of this study was to establish whether the technique was both reliable in staging the N0 neck and a safe oncological procedure in patients with early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: An European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-approved prospective, observational study commenced in 2005. Fourteen European centres recruited 415 patients with radiologically staged T1-T2N0 squamous cell carcinoma. SNB was undertaken with an average of 3.2 nodes removed per patient. Patients were excluded if the sentinel node (SN) could not be identified. A positive SN led to a neck dissection within 3 weeks. Analysis was performed at 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: An SN was found in 99.5% of cases. Positive SNs were found in 23% (94 in 415). A false-negative result occurred in 14% (15 in 109) of patients, of whom eight were subsequently rescued by salvage therapy. Recurrence after a positive SNB and subsequent neck dissection occurred in 22 patients, of which 16 (73%) were in the neck and just six patients were rescued. Only minor complications (3%) were reported following SNB. Disease-specific survival was 94%. The sensitivity of SNB was 86% and the negative predictive value 95%. CONCLUSION: These data show that SNB is a reliable and safe oncological technique for staging the clinically N0 neck in patients with T1 and T2 oral cancer. EORTC Protocol 24021: Sentinel Node Biopsy in the Management of Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Diagnostic efficacy of sentinel node biopsy in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cohort study and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). DESIGN: A prospective study of a cohort of 25 consecutive patients with OSCC anatomopathological confirmation through biopsy, without oncological pre-treatment, in clinical stage T1-T4N0, of these 25 patients 14 were T1-T2N0. The absence of regional disease (N0) was determined by means of clinical exploration and cervical tomography (CT). To establish the overall sensitivity of the technique, a meta-analysis was carried out of 10 series published to February 2005 where SNB had been applied to head and neck cancer, adding our 14 T1-T2N0 cases, thus making a total of 260 patients. RESULTS: Identification by SNB was accurate in 96% of the 25 cases, with a sensitivity of 66.7%. Analyzing only the T1-T2N0 cases (n=14), the accuracy was 100% with a sensitivity of 1 (CI 95%, 0.29-1.00). The overall sensitivity was 93%. The accuracy in identifying the sentinel node varied between 66% and 100%. The SN was identified in 251 of 260 cases, of those, 71 were true positive, 5 false negative and 175 true negative. The overall sensitivity was 93.4% (CI 95%, 85.3-97.8), with a specificity of 100% (CI 95%, 0.98-100). The weighted negative probability quotient was 0.176 (CI 0.103-0.301) and that of positive probability 24.75 (CI 95%, 10.8-56.71). The weighted diagnostic odds ratio was 183.71 (CI 95%, 59.36-568.56). If we accept that the prevalence of hidden regional disease is 30%, a negative sentinel node has 5% possibility of having hidden disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide a certain degree of evidence that, due to its high sensitivity, the SNB procedure can be applied to the initial stages of OSCC.

Tuberculosis de la glándula submaxilar: aportación de dos casos clínicos / Tuberculosis of the submandibular gland: report of two clinical cases

Exponemos dos casos diagnosticados primariamente como sialoadenitis y que, posteriormente, resultaron ser una tuberculosis de la glándula submaxilar. Esta afeccón se presentea con una semiología inespecífica similar a una sialolitiasis. Aunque es más frecuente en nuestro medio la Tbc ganglionar que la glandular, debemos tener siempre presente que ante una adenopatía cervical habrá que descartar esta patología y que el diagnóstico definitivo lo vamos a realizar, tras la cirugía, con el examen anatomopatológico y bacteriológico. La PAAF junto con el test de Mantoux pueden ayudarnos en el diagnóstico prequirúrgico de la enfermedad

Paraganglioma de glomus carotídeo: un caso clínico de presentación inusual / Paraganglioma of carotid glomus: a clinical case of unusual presentation

Se presenta un caso clínico de un paraganglioma benigno, no cromafínico, del glomus carotídeo, en un hombre de 51 años que debutó con dolor torácico y al que posteriormente tras una punción aspiración con aguja fija (PAAF), el estudio citológico fue informado como compatible con oncocitoma de la glándula submaxilar

Rehabilitación quirúrgico-prostodóntica implantosoportada en fisurado palatino: a propósito de un caso clínico / Implant-supported surgical-prosthetic rehabilitation in a cleft palate patient. A propos of a clinical case

Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 43 años con secuelas de una fisura palatina unilateral, a la que se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico previo a la inserción de una prótesis implantosoportada. El tratamiento quirúrgico consistió en la elevación del suelo del seno maxilar, en la preservación con hidroxiapatita porosa del alveolo de un incisivo central extraído por periodontitis aguda y en la instalación de cuatro implantes osteointegrados, en ambos segmentos de la fisura

Estudio de cohortes sobre las complicaciones de los colgajos en cirugía oncológica de cabeza y cuello y su relación con parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos / A cohort study on the complications of flaps in oncologic head and neck surgery and its relationship with hematologic and biochemical parameters

Se ha realizado un estudio de cohortes sobre pacientes con carcinomas epidermoides de cabeza y cuello que han sido tratados con técnicas quirúrgicas con colgajos (36) y sin colgajos (cierres directos) (32), para realizar estudio descriptivo de las complicaciones y tratar de conocer la relación de los linfocitos, proteínas totales, YGT y de la glucemia basal en la infección, necrosis parcial y total del colgajo o de la herida quirúrgica. Del estudio estadístico no se infiere relación entre ellos. El porcentaje de infecciones en técnica con colgajos ha sido de un 36.1 por ciento, frente al 28,1 por ciento en los cierres directos. Las necrosis parciales en las técnicas quirúrgicas es muy superior (27,7 por ciento) a la del cierre directo (6,25 por ciento). Del análisis de las estancias medias hospitalarias en ambos grupos se aprecia una estancia media significativamente más elevada en el grupo de los colgajos frente al cierre directo (t. de Student Fisher, p 0.01)